Sunday 10 June 2018

Back to Egypt (1 Samuel 8:4-20)


(Homily for Gayton Road Christian Church's Worship on June 10, 2018, Proper 5)



The Way of God:
The Lowly Lifted Up

When Samuel was born into the world, his mother was dreaming of another world.  She sings a beautiful song about this dream, a song about the lowly lifted up and the powerful laid low, about empty tummies filled with food and barren wombs bearing children.  It was a song that challenged reality, for at the time the powerful in Israel ruled with greed and dishonesty, threat and intimidation.  Abusing their privilege, they swindled and stole and took advantage of the weak (cf. 2:12-17, 22).  It was a world perhaps not that different from ours, where profit-hungry businesses prey on the vulnerable and power-hungry leaders rule by threat and force.

But one night in the midst of this reign of terror, the word of God came to Israel.  Well, it came to an unsuspecting boy, Samuel.  And the word of God was change.  It was the same word that Samuel’s mother had sung, a word about the lowly lifted up and the powerful laid low.  It was a word that, as God said, would “make both ears of anyone who hears it tingle” (3:11).  Because it was at once both a promise and a threat, terrific or terrifying, depending on where you stood.  To those injured by the injustice, it was the terrific promise that the powerful would not prevail forever.  To those complicit in the injustice, to the powerful and the privileged, it was a threat.  A warning that sin—injustice—has its own terrifying consequences.

And sure enough, change happened.  The leaders of Israel died at the hands of the Philistines, and Israel itself fell into political disorder for twenty years (cf. 7:2).  By that time, Samuel had grown up and developed quite a reputation.  His words had become reality.  The powerful leaders in Israel had indeed been laid low. 

So when he spoke in the present disorder, everyone listened.  He gathered all Israel together, and what he did next, the Bible repeats three times, so that you can’t miss it—he practiced justice among the people (7:6, 15, 17).  In other words, he guided them in the way of the special covenant that God had made with them.  A covenant which might seem sort of strange to us today, because unlike our laws its priority was not to protect private pursuits and individual gains but rather to protect the needful, “the widows, orphans, and sojourners.”[1]  You might say, in fact, that its priority was to lift the lowly.  When Samuel practiced justice among the people, when he guided them in the way of God’s covenant, he fulfilled in the flesh his mother’s song and dream.  Yes, now the lowly—the widows, the orphans, the strangers, the ones who would have been most vulnerable under the unjust rule of the powerful and privileged—now they were lifted up.

From the Lowly to a King:
Fighting Power with More Power

This would be a perfect spot for the story to wrap up, to conclude with those reassuring words, “And they lived happily ever after.”

But they didn’t.  As Samuel grew older and less capable of guiding the people in the way of God’s covenant, he delegated this responsibility to his sons.  But his sons, the Bible says, “turned aside after gain; they took bribes and perverted justice” (8:3).  In other words, they fell into the trap of the previous leaders.  Their influence went to their head, and rather than looking out for the lowly, they looked out first and foremost for themselves.  It is a pattern we see over and over again in the Bible, leaders who afflict others in their lust for power, prestige, and possessions. 

You would think that the people of Israel would resist this growing power, that they would challenge the ways of Samuel’s sons, speaking the truth to this power, confronting this corruption with God’s good covenant.  But they do just the opposite!  When they see power growing in the hands of Samuel’s sons, they decide that the answer is even more power in the hands of a king.  They want to fight the fire with a bigger fire.

Forgotten in all of this, of course, is the matter of God’s covenant and justice for the lowly.  No one seems to remember how the last time Israel had rulers with such power and influence, the lowly were afflicted and left helpless.

No one remembers, that is, but God.  And in today’s scripture, as the people cry out for a king, God responds and reminds them just what they’re asking for.

[Read 1 Samuel 8:4-20.]

“Like Other Nations”:
The Way of the World

When my Old Testament professor in seminary read this scripture in class, he told us a joke.  “What do you get,” he asked, “when you play a country song backwards?”  “You get your truck back, your dog back, your wife back….”

Today’s scripture reads a lot like a country song (played forwards).  It is a litany of all that the Israelites will lose.  God warns the people about all that the king will take: their sons for the king’s army, their daughters for the king’s kitchen, the best of their fields and their vineyards and their produce for the king’s officials, their servants cattle and donkeys for the king’s workforce. 

And then comes the punch line, except this one is all punch and no funny.  “You shall be his slaves.”  Which is a horrible enough proposition, but it’s even worse considering his audience.  Remember who this is to whom God is speaking.  This is the people who were slaves in Egypt.  Their story is freedom from oppression, justice for the downtrodden, the God who listens to the least.  They were a sign, a witness to the way of God, which lifts the lowly and lays low the powerful.  By blessing Israel, God had intended to bless all the families of earth, to bring all the world into beloved community, where oppression and slavery have no place.

By asking for a king, the Israelites were playing their entire song backwards, disowning their story.  God, deliverance, justice.  They were reversing their history and returning to slavery.  They were effectively going back to Egypt.

Why?  We hear the real reason at the end of today’s scripture: “So that we…may be like other nations, and that our king may…fight our battles” (8:20).  In a word, the reason is power.  Power—someone with might, someone who will fight—power, they think, will solve their problems at home and abroad.  Power will put Samuel’s corrupt sons in their place.  Power will keep the Philistines and other enemies at bay. 

Twice when the people ask for a king, they rationalize their request with the reason that they might be “like other nations” (8:5, 20).  Power, in other words, is the way of the world around them.  But power is not the way of their God.  The covenant that God made with them is about looking out for the lowly—the widow, the orphan, the stranger.  The way of their God is beloved community.

Setting the Covenant—or Kingdom—Aside

I can’t help but wonder if our world today is but an echo of Israel’s world long ago.  I’m sure that the Israelites in Samuel’s day thought highly of the way of God, the covenant of community and justice to which they had agreed.  I’m sure they talked about it on Sabbath and recited its words and ideas at the dinner table.  I’m sure they memorized parts of the covenant and quoted it in small matters.  But I also imagine that when it came to larger matters—like national security or the economy or land management—they set the covenant aside as a rather idealistic and impractical guide, instead trusting in the more efficient means of power.  Looking out for the stranger is all well and good when it’s a harmless neighbor whom you’ve already gotten to know, but when it comes to securing the borders and ensuring that the harvest goes to law-abiding Israelites first, maybe the covenant isn’t so relevant.  Maybe what’s more relevant is a king who can protect us, who can make difficult decisions in our favor.

In the end, Israel would get their kings.  God did not stand in the way of their desire.  (The way of God, remember, is not the way of coercive power.)  But as they got their kings, there also echoed the words of God for any who would remember: “You shall be his slaves.”  Back to Egypt. 

For us, it is not the ancient covenant of the Israelites that we are tempted to set aside as idealistic or impractical.  It is the kingdom of God, where the poor are a priority, the homeless are sheltered, the stranger is welcomed, the world is God’s beloved creation, the enemy is loved, the excluded are embraced and welcomed to the table of fellowship.  These things are all great, but when it comes to questions of economic inequality, healthcare, immigration, climate change, military budget, it’s easy to set the kingdom aside for the sake of self-interested power.[2]  But if today’s story is any indication, this trust in power brings not freedom but oppression, not justice but slavery.  It leads us not to God’s promised land but back to Egypt.

Prayer

God who lifts the lowly
And sets free the enslaved—
When fear and anxiety
Narrow our vision
And tempt us
Toward the way of power,
Remind us anew
Of your kingdom dream
Of beloved community
And a world made whole,
And enlarge our hearts to act
Not in the service of self-interested power
But in the service of others. 
In Christ, who proclaims your kingdom.  Amen.



[1] E.g., Deut 14:29, 16:11, 14; 24:19–21; 26:12–15.  Cf. Walter Brueggemann, Theology of the Old Testament: Testimony, Dispute, Advocacy (Minneapolis: Fortress, 1997), 423.
[2] Rev. Granberg-Michaelson, who has served as chief legislative assistant to Senator Mark O. Hatfield, Director of Church and Society for the World Council of Churches, and General Secretary of the Reformed Church in America raises these issues as especially relevant to the practice of faith in the political field.  Cf. Wes Granberg-Michaelson, “From Mysticism to Politics,” Onening: An Alternative Orthodoxy 5:2 (2017): 15-21.


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